Solar modulation refers to the changes in the intensity of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) that reach the Earth's atmosphere as a result of variations in solar activity. The sun emits large amounts of electromagnetic radiation and charged particles that can influence the flux of GCRs reaching our planet. Solar modulation is mainly driven by the solar wind, which is a stream of charged particles emanating from the sun that acts as a shield, deflecting and modulating the GCRs. The strength of the solar wind and its associated magnetic field can vary over the solar cycle, affecting the modulation of GCRs. Understanding solar modulation is important for various fields of research, including space weather forecasting, climate modeling, and the study of cosmic ray interactions with the Earth's atmosphere. Scientists study solar modulation by analyzing data from satellites, ground-based observatories, and other sources to better understand the complex interactions between the sun, cosmic rays, and Earth's atmosphere.